Positron Emission Tomography in Urology

Positron Emission Tomography has rapidly become available in many institutes throughout Europe during the last years. Also the clinical indications for PET have increased in this period, especially in the field of oncology and based on FDG PET. In this review paper an overview on the principles and an update on the developments of PET is given. Emphasis on the spectrum of current and newly developed radiopharmaceuticals in particular the possibilities on targeted imaging is discussed. Next we provide a brief summary of the current literature on the clinical results of PET in oncological urology (prostate, bladder, kidney, testicular and penile cancer) and non-oncological urology (neuroimaging in bladder dysfunction).