The Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis can harbour a wide variety of circular extrachromosomal DNA molecules, so-called plasmids. Many of the traits that make them useful for manufacturing of fermented food products (e.g. bacteriophage resistance, bacteriocin and proteinase production, lactose utilization and sucrose degradation) are plasmid encoded. Strain L. lactis BGMN1-5, an isolate from home made semi-hard cheese, possesses multiple plasmids with several interesting traits ... Zie: Chapter