Essential psychology for environmental policy making

In this article major environmental problems and their different levels and global spheres of impact are surveyed. Environmental exploitation is discussed as an inherent characteristic of free market economies under limited cognitive-motivational inclinations of individual actors. A conceptual modelling of environmental problem solving is presented, which comprises the commons dilemma paradigm as well as a needs-opportunities-abilities (NOA) model of consumer behaviour, a categorization of human needs, a simple taxonomy of behavioural processes, and seven strategies for behaviour change. Six lines of psychological research are identified, ranging from environmental attitudes to environmental policy-decision support systems. An ecological critique of mainstream psychology is summarized and some suggestions are made to resolve this. Conclusions are drawn about needed research, policy making, and international diplomacy.