Neutrality - forms of politicization, rights, and obligations of civil servants. A historical approach to the problem (France, Great Britain, and the united States)

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικάThe study of (a) the development of the civil service in France, Great Britain, and the United States, from the 19th century until the First World War, and (b) the complex phenomenon of their politicization reveals strong currents of opposition to politicization within the respective political systems and support for the protection of political neutrality in the civil service. This protection took the form of the pursuit of improvements in the management and efficiency of the civil service, the recognition of funtamental civil rights for civil servants, and the guarantee of political neutrality in administrative life.To this end, French legislator and the judiciary took some timid steps, while their British and American counterparts embarked upon the difficult task of depoliticizing the civil service. Ironically, these initiatives have resulted in the political sterilization of the British and American civil services and the full enjoyment of civil rights by French civil servants