The patterns of changes in coral reef coverage (1994-2006) in the Seribu Islands National Park, Jakarta, Indonesia

Coral reef ecosystems are unique ecosystems that can live and reproduce well in the tropics. Corals that makeup reefs are a very important component of ecosystems on the earth's surface. These ecosystems are habitats for a large number of diverse organisms in the oceans. However, in recent years coral reefs have experienced significant degradation as a result of the impact of human disturbances and natural factors on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. It is known that 90% of coral reef damage comes from human activities and 10% comes from climate change (natural events). In addition to natural events, such as waves, storms, and rising sea surface temperatures, the use of island land and the increasing population and utilization of coral reef resources around the island, including those that may cause a decrease in coral cover, can indirectly change the morphology of the island. To find out about the pattern of changes in coral reef cover area based on zoning in TNKpS, it is necessary to conduct a quick and effective study by utilizing digital processing of satellite imagery. The data used are Landsat images (1994, 2000, and 2006) with change detection method using CVA technique. The results of the analysis showed that there was a change in the increase in coral reef cover over 12 years (1994-2006). The pattern of changes that occur is dominated towards the Northeast and Northwest in the area 1, meanwhile, for area 2 it varies in all directions