From the bare footprint to pollen and spores trace (selected issues of forensics)

Article concerns the issue of trace as a part of investigation, its importance for detecting crime and perpetrators. since the middle of 20th century, the palynological technique became a valuable source of information. For these reasons, the paper focuses mainly on the judicial (forensic) palynology. Briefly the phenomenon of pollen and spores spectrum is presented, ways of its’ analysis, the value of obtained results and the scope of application. Examples of inquiry and judicial practices are given, although not only limited to the usefulness of palynology in investigations. In addition, scientific methods of palynology and the verification procedure are indicated