The effect of tending treatments and cutting systems on the genetic structure of stands

Modern forestry puts effect to ensure the genetic and ecosystemic variability. The paper points to the role of natural selection and maintenance of forest sustainability and provides the characteristic of stands as genetic population and the description of mating systems and their impact on the heterozygous level in trees, as well as of the mechanism of the gene transfer. This is the background to determine genetic effects of the selection and tending treatment such as grading of seeds and seedlings, early and late cleaning, thinning and final felling on forest cultivation