Gminowładztwo czy miejskość? Meandry polskiej irredenty przed powstaniem styczniowym

The article discusses the role of the cities in reflections of polish revolutionaries in the 19th century (before the January Uprising). Though social struggles which were ongoing in the first decades of the 19th century in the cities in the Polish lands, the majority of radical democrats and socialists of this time addressed a political message to the peasants. The necessity of inclusion of townspeople in the uprising movement was noticed merely by A. Gurowski, J. Czyński and Fr. Piotr Ściegienny who turned out to be visionaries in this aspect