The article compares the linguistic view of animals in present-day Polish with the findings of contemporary science. In the scientific worldview, animals constitute a hierarchically structured and extremely diverse kingdom, with humans belonging to that kingdom phylum Chordata, class Mammalia (subdivision Placentalia), order Primates, family Hominidae. Primatology, zoosemiotics, cognitive etology, and paleoanthropology incessantly supply ever new evidence for links between apes and humans both construct tools, operate by symbolic imagery and self-awareness, communicate, and can even learn an ethnic language. Various animal species, not only apes, are capable of pro-social and rescue-oriented behaviours.In Polish linguistic worldview, animal...