Theory of Relativity of the Literary Translation: Literary Criticism Projections

The research of Mariana Lanovyk deals with the Literary Criticism problems of translation. In the situation when the plurality of approaches in the Contemporary Literary Criticism can be overwhelming Ukrainian scholars have to work on the adaptation of foreign paradigms in the Ukrainian Criticism space to create solid foundation for the future studies in the fields of the Comparative Literature and Literary Theory. This research is the first attempt in Ukraine to present the integral outlook upon the problems of Literary Translation from the perspectives of the concepts and ideas of different Literary Paradigms of the 19-20th centuries beginning with the Romanticism epoch. Romanticism was chosen as the starting point because in the aesthetic concept of Romanticism there new theoretical approach to the problems of literary translation in the author – language – epoch – nation contexts was outworked. Philosophic, artistic and literary concepts of that time were developed in all modern literary paradigms. The first chapter of the book deals with the psychological and cultural approaches to the problems of the Literary Translation. The author gives short outlook of the genesis of new theoretical background in the aesthetic concept of Romanticism as the source of contemporary theories of translation and the continuation of the ideas in psycholinguistic studies of the Western Europe and in Ukraine, especially in the Potebnja’s literary criticism works. The main attention is concerned on the problem of correlation between thinking process and language, thought and image. The influence of the ideas of 19th century upon the psychoanalysis and their transformation in this paradigm is considered. The author studies the phenomena of consciousness, self consciousness and sub consciousness in the process of reading, understanding and translation as well as the peculiarities of different gender reading, interpretation and translation different elements of the writing works. The differences of literature translation in the realms of biological, linguistic, psychoanalytic and cultural paradigms are considered. The author examines the role of individual and national, historical, cultural memory in literary texts and the possible ways of their transfer. Contemporary approach to the national problem in translation studies development is connected with the key points of national images in literature texts. This idea is rooted in the spectrum of the East-West background as well as national values in the literature systems. The outlook of the multiculturalism and intercultural communication in literature is offered through the review of the artistic nature of the mythological thinking. The wide spectrum of different points of view upon the problem (E.Cassirer, K.G.Jung, E.Noimann, N.Frye) is given. The second chapter of the research deals with the translation criticism ideas in the light of the main concepts of formalism and structuralism. The possible ways of translation analysis as the dissolving problems of form transformation and constructing the literary text by means of the foreign language in foreign literature system are suggested. The concepts of R.Jakobson, J.Tynianov, J.Mukarzevsky, especially the concepts of hierarchy and dominants in literary work, inner structuring and organization of the meaning, functioning of text and its components as the whole are outlined. As the foundation of the research logic of the semiotic analyses was chosen Lotman’s dynamic model of semiotic system, that was proved with adjoining studies of the foreign scholars such as K.Levi-Strauss, J.Mukharzovsky, J.Derrida. Among the narratological questions of fiction translation are discussed such questions as voice authority and correlation of the voices in translated texts; the possibilities of study of different narrative instances of interpreter. In the third chapter the problems of the text reading, realization, interpretation are discussed. The main paradigms involved here are hermeneutics, phenomenology, receptive aesthetics, intuitivism and other irrational approaches to the text interpretation (such as game theory, metaphorology, imagology, relativism theory, discourse analyses). Among the problems of translation from the point of view of hermeneutic approach the main attention is concerned upon the stages of reception, understanding and interpretation as well as the different horizons of reading. The phenomenon of movement of horizons and connected difficulties of fusions of horizons in acts of reception, interpretation and translation are analyzed. The author tries to answer the questions about different points of view and the problem of partial reception and reproducibility; as well as the question of subjectivity in the process of translation. She gives the consideration of the ideas of Ukrainian (A.Potebnja, O.Biletsky) and foreign (F.D.Shleiermaher, V.Dilthey, M.Husserl, H.-G.Gadamer) scholars and examines the possible ways of their application to the translation studies. The thoughts of the phenomenology paradigm are based upon the ideas of E.Husserl, R.Ingarden, P.Ricouer. The main attention is drawn to the spectrum of potential of possible readings and translations of every text from the different time and space perspectives such as different epochs, individual and national experience; historical, cultural and artistic systems. In this way phenomenology of translation reveals new ideas about the text existence and its possible measures. They are connected with the problems of modeling and reflection of the world as the specific author’s vision. New tendencies of resolving of subjectivity of literary texts interpretation coursed with the post structuralism and deconstructivism tendencies are outlined in the key of the hermeneutic concept where the author’s position is dominant in the process of translation. Modern realization of the author’s perspective concept in the works of E.D.Hirsh, J.P.Sartre, U.Eco, N.Frye and others opens rational approach to the problem of resolving of ‘conflict of interpretations’ not only in the dimension of interpretative schemes of literary studies but in the system of translation studies too. On the basis of Relativism theory foundation the author tries to find both the way of synchronizing coordinate systems of original texts and its interpretations and the possible way of synchronizing the systems of interpretative paradigms in contemporary literary studies. In the conclusion the author underlines that shifts of the literary theories paradigms of the 19-20th centuries course the shifts in translation studies thinking; and together they create the common space of semiotic sphere of translation and interpretation. The question of the main importance is to consider the differences of methods of the paradigms as well as their mutual relation, influence and interaction