In Europe, the most current widely accepted scheme is that the Mousterian and some of the Upper Palaeolithic industries stemming from it, are only born from Neandertalian people and the Aurignacian that of men with modern morphology. A thorough study of available data shows that dualist scheme may not fully explain the complexity of what the transition between Middle and Upper Palaeolithic has been. In addition, it is not excluded that some Neandertalian groupstook part in the Aurignacian culture.Le schéma le plus généralement admis actuellement veut que, en Europe, le Moustérien et certaines industries du début du Paléolithique supérieur qui en dérivent, soient uniquement le fait des populations néandertaliennes, et l’Aurignacien, celui de...