Geomorphological records of human activity reflected in fluvial sediments in the Carpathians and their foreland

Records of human activity in valleys of the Upper Vistula River catchment and the Upper Dniester River catchment in the area of the Eastern Carpathian Foreland are synchronic and date back to the Neolithic Period. They include alluvia and colluvia in small valleys, linked with local downpours, as well as changes in large valleys, where flooding is reflected in modifications to river channels and an acceleration in the deposition of overbank facies. Among these periods are phases determined climatically (5th–7th centuries AD) and those reflecting human activity (1st–3rd centuries AD), as well as phases recording the coincidence of both factors (middle Neolithic, 10th–11th centuries AD and the Little Ice Age). The most distinct changes leading to transformation in valley slopes and bottoms are linked with the coincidence of humid climatic phases and periods of increased human impact