The history of scientific education has to be developed, and historians must engage in a common enterprise with sociologists, didacticians, etc., to take into account its various aspects. In the first place, attention must be focussed on secondary education together with the training of teachers. Thus it is possible to tackle the important problem of the specialization of studies, the interdisciplinary nature of science and the specificity of each scientific discipline. But history is of a wider interest in pointing out the persistence of the preoccupations associated with the permanence of economic and cultural stakes, despite the change due to social evolution, politics and the development of science ; thus fundamental difficulties emerge...