The problem of optimal sensor placement for fault detection and isolation

W tym artykule przedstawiony jest przegląd stanu badań dotyczących zagadnienia projektowania zbioru sensorów wykorzystywanych w diagnostyce procesów przemysłowych. Szczególna uwaga poświęcona została rozwiązaniom wykorzystującym analizę strukturalną lub opis procesu w postaci grafu. Na zakończenie przedstawiona została propozycja alternatywnego podejścia do problemu.In this article, a review of publications related to sensor placement for the diagnosis of process plants is presented. The main tasks of a sensor network and criteria used for sensors selection are indicated. A summary of methods used for the best selection of measurements is presented. Particular attention is devoted to solutions based on structural analysis and algorithms using a graph as a model of the monitored process plant. A simple example of single tank system is presented and results obtained on this system using different methods of sensor placement are compared. At the end of the article, an idea for a new problem description using a cause-effect graph is presented. A cause-effect graph is a qualitative model of a process plant containing casual relationships between process variables. This kind of process description allows one to directly include faults in the model. Other advantages of that description are mentioned