Synthesis, structures and biological activity of imidazo [4,5-b]pyridine derivatives. Part 1

This review presents most of the literature data about imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives and their biological activity. The main goal of this paper is to present various methods for the preparation of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine analogues. There are some drugs, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives, registered in the world, which exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. Noberastine [4] represent antihistaminic II generation drug with selective activity to H1 receptors. Tenatoprazole [5] is a novel proton pump inhibitor with a prolonged plasma half-life which possesses antiulcer activity. Sulmazole [3] is a new cardiotonic agent, an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist. Based on the review of the chemical literature, derivatives of imidazole[4,5-b] pyridine showed a multipharmacological effects. Presented compounds exhibit anticancer [14, 17, 19], antidepressant [44, 45], cardiotonic, anticoagulant [37] activities. Some of them can be used in the treatment of heart diseases [3]. There were also described derivatives of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine with the potential use in the treatment of diabetes [48], hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Some chemical compounds which contain in their structure the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine system inhibit neurodegeneration [34, 38] and can be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders eg. Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis. In addition, some of the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine possess antivirial [40–42], antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities