Numerical investigation on diesel combustion and emissions with a standard combustion model and detailed chemistry

The aim of this study was to determine possibilities of the soot and NOx emissions reduction from an existing heavy-duty compression-ignition (CI) engine based only on in-cylinder techniques. To that end numerical simulations of such processes as a multiphase fuel flow through injector nozzles, a liquid fuel jet breakup and evaporation, combustion and emissions formation were performed in AVL Fire 3D CFD software. The combustion process was calculated with the ECFM-3Z model and with the detailed n-heptane oxidation scheme that consisted of 76 species and 349 reactions. Both approaches of combustion modeling were validated against experimental data from the existing engine working under 75% and 100% loads. As for the reduction of the NOx emission an introduction of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was investigated. As for the soot concentration reduction such measures as an increased rail pressure, application of a post-injection and an increased injector nozzles conicity were investigated. Finally the ECFM-3Z model with emissions models, as well as the n-heptane mechanism predicted that it is possible to reach specified emissions limits with application of EGR, post-injection and increased nozzles conicity