Polish road bookbinding industrialization in the nineteenth and twentieth century

In the early nineteenth century bookbinding work was done by traditional craftsmen’s methods. Workshop equipment and technology has not developed from the late Renaissance. In the nineteenth century new equipment and machinery were built to speed up the process o binding books and to allow larger runs. New technologies have led to changes in work organization and the creation of larger plants. The process of bookbinding mechanization in Poland was based mainly on German equipment and proceeded with a slight delay from the German bookbinding. Due to the small market orders, only a few binding workshops developed into medium or small factories. Bookbinding works were also created by printers and publishers. Full conversion of the bookbinding from outwork into the industry took place after World War II in the state binderies, which are now branches of printing plants