Human behavior understanding and intention prediction

Human motion, behaviors, and intention are governed by human perception, reasoning, common-sense rules, social conventions, and interactions with others and the surrounding environment. Humans can effectively predict short-term body motion, behaviors, and intention of others and respond accordingly. The ability for a machine to learn, analyze, and predict human motion, behaviors, and intentions in complex environments is highly valuable with a wide range of applications in social robots, intelligent systems, smart manufacturing, autonomous driving, and smart homes. In this thesis, we propose to address the above research question by focusing on three important problems: human pose estimation, temporal action localization and informatics, human motion trajectory and intention prediction. Specifically, in the first part of our work, we aim to develop an automatic system to track human pose, monitor and evaluate worker's efficiency for smart workforce management based on human body pose estimation and temporal activity localization. We have developed a deep learning based method to accurately detect human body joints and track human motion. We use the generative adversarial networks (GANs) for adversarial training to better learn human pose and body configurations, especially in highly cluttered environments. In the second step, we have formulated the automated worker efficiency analysis into a temporal action localization problem in which the action video performed by the worker is matched against a reference video performed by a teacher using dynamic time warping. In the second part of our work, we have developed a new idea, called reciprocal learning, based on the following important observation: the human trajectory is not only forward predictable, but also backward predictable. Both forward and backward trajectories follow the same social norms and obey the same physical constraints with the only difference in their time directions. Based on this unique property, we design and couple two networks, forward and backward prediction networks, satisfying the reciprocal constraint, which allows them to be jointly learned. Based on this constraint, we borrow the concept of adversarial attacks of deep neural networks, which iteratively modifies the input of the network to match the given or forced network output, and develop a new method for network prediction, called reciprocal attack for matched prediction. It further improves the prediction accuracy. In the third part of our work, we have observed that human's future trajectory is not only affected by other pedestrians but also impacted by the surrounding objects in the scene. We propose a novel hierarchical framework based on a recurrent sequence-to-sequence architecture to model both human-human and human-scene interactions. Our experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our new method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for human trajectory prediction.Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-129)