Lattice-based cryptography aims at harnessing the security of cryptographic primitives in the conjectured hardness of well-identified and well-studied algorithmic problems involving Euclidean lattices. This approach leads to more efficient primitives, increased security (the most common lattice problems are conjectured quantum-hard), and improved cryptographic functionalities (fully homomorphic encryption, functional encryption, program obfuscation, etc). A less common but still recurring family of lattices are the so-called orthogonal lattices where the matrix is often sampled from a Gaussian distribution. In this thesis, we study the cryptographic aspects of orthogonal lattices. When lattices have turned into a major build block in design...