DoctorIn cancer therapy, nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for therapeutic delivery system capable of providing efficient cellular uptake, targeting ability, and controlled release to improve phamacological activities of various therapeutic molecules. However, systemic approaches of NPs have not yielded significant clinical results due to insufficient accumulation, rapid clearance, and systemic toxicity. Even though local treatment can offer precise distribution of NPs in cancer, harsh microenvironments including flow of body fluids and diverse clearance mechanisms have been major challenges in effective absorption and bioavailability of therapeutics. In addition, peripheral healthy tissues at cancer regions suffer adverse effects ari...