For more than ten years, Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) has been promoted as a promising approach to meet the challenges of sustainable development at sea. In Europe, it is subject to a framework directive (2014/89/EU) which requires coastal states to draw up marine spatial plans, of which the first versions are expected in 2021. Although the approaches vary from one State to another, the establishment of a precise knowledge base of the areas to be planned - regarding the environment, activities, and societies - appears to be a universal step. This geography thesis focuses on the potential and actual contributions of maritime surveillance data (AIS, VMS, radar, etc.) to this knowledge base in the context of planning in metropolitan France....