Atomic Scale Structure of Ag,Cu 2 ZnSnSe4 and Cu2Zn Sn,Ge Se 4 Kesterite Thin Films

Kesterite based materials are being researched and developed as affordable, efficient, and mechanically flexible absorber materials for thin film photovoltaics. Both Ag,Cu 2ZnSnSe4 and Cu2Zn Sn,Ge Se4 based devices have shown great potential in overcoming some of the remaining challenges for further increasing the conversion efficiency of kesterite based solar cells. This study therefore investigates the long range crystallographic structure and the local atomic scale structure of technologically relevant thin films by means of grazing incidence X ray diffraction and low temperature X ray absorption spectroscopy. As expected, the unit cell dimensions change about an order of magnitude more than the element specific average bond lengths. In case of Cu2Zn Sn,Ge Se4, the thin film absorbers show a very similar behavior as Cu2Zn Sn,Ge Se4 powder samples previously studied. Small amounts of residual S in the thin films were taken into account in the analysis and the results imply a preferential formation of Sn S bonds instead of Ge S bonds. In Ag,Cu 2ZnSnSe4, the dependence of the Ag Se and Cu Se bond lengths on Ag Ag Cu might indicate an energetic advantage in the formation of certain local configuration