Space weather is a vast and interdisciplinary research field.It aims at understanding the Earth environment.It includes the whole Sun-Earth system and the many interactions that compose it.Among other things, the upper atmosphere forms a boundary between the Earth's atmosphere and space.This makes it a complex object of study where the imprint of various space phenomena can be observed.This way, observing the upper atmosphere to better understand it allows to deduce physical events taking place at the limit of the magnetosphere.In this context, the work presented here aims at observing the emissions of the upper atmosphere (auroras, nightglow) and detecting their polarization.First of all, measurements in polar conditions have allowed to as...