Land-use emissions embodied in international trade

International trade separates consumption of goods from related environmental impacts, includinggreenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and land-use change (together referred to as “land-useemissions”). Through use of new emissions estimates and a multiregional input-output model, weevaluated land-use emissions embodied in global trade from 2004 to 2017. Annually, 27% of land-useemissions and 22% of agricultural land are related to agricultural products ultimately consumed in adifferent region from where they were produced. Roughly three-quarters of embodied emissions are fromland-use change, with the largest transfers from lower-income countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, andArgentina to more industrialized regions such as Europe, the United States, and China. Mitigation ofglobal land-use emissions and sustainable development may thus depend on improving the transparency of supply chain