OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVAPORATION-CONDENSATION PROCESS AND HEAT-BALANCE DURING THE AUSTRAL SUMMER AT THE SNOW SURFACE OF DOME FUJI STATION, EAST ANTARCTICA

Observations on the evaporation-condensation process and heat-balance were conducted at Dome Fuji Station, the highest point of Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica, during the austral summer of 1994/1995. Evaporation and condensation at the snow surface were measured by weighing evaporation-pans filled with undisturbed snow twice a day; 0600 a. m. and 1800 p. m. Heat fluxes of net radiation (〓_n) and in the snow (〓_c) were measured by a net radiometer and a series of thermistor sensors installed in the snow, respectively. The evaporation amounted, at its maximum, to approximately (10)^kg m^ from 0600 a. m. to 1800 p. m., while the condensation was 2×(10)^kg m^ during the night from 1800 p. m. to 0600 a. m. As a result, evaporation dominated condensation during the two summer months of 1994/1995 at Dome Fuji Station. If we calculate the latent heat flux (〓_l) on the basis of observations of the evaporation and condensation, and the residue of heat flux components is assigned to the sensible heat flux (〓_s), the average amounts of each component during the two summer months were calculated to be 12 W m^(〓_n), -4 W m^(〓_c), -1 W m^(〓_l), -7 W m^(〓_s)