Eksistensi Pedagang Kaki Lima: studi tentang kontribusi modal sosial terhadap resistensi PKL di Semarang

Problems to be solved in this study were (1) what the contribution of street vendors (PKL) to the family economy, communities, and original revenue of Semarang City, (2) whether be a street vendor (PKL) is survival strategy? (3) how public policy is applied to the city of Semarang in regulating the presence of street vendors (PKL)?, (4) why the street hawkers (street vendors) resistant to the policy of the government's arrangement of street vendors in Semarang, (5) how the forms resistance demonstrated in response to government policy PKL Semarang city?, (6) whether social capital is amplifier of resistance a street vendor to face power Semarang city government? This study used a qualitative approach and case studies. The study was conducted in the city of Semarang, with the unit of analysis of street vendors working in Sampangan, Basudewo, and Kokrosono. The samples taken as many as 18 people is done purposively, ie street vendors, Mayor, employee of Market Officials, and officer of police of civil service (Polisi Pamong Praja). Data was gathered through interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and literature studies. To measure the validity of the data used triangulation techniques. To strengthen the credibility of the data, also made an extension of the observations, increased persistence, negative case analysis, using reference materials, and member checks. The results were analyzed with qualitative analysis techniques, namely through the reduction process, presentation, and create conclusions. From research results and findings in the field, we can conclude the following: (1) street vendors (PKL) contribute of economic to survival PKL, family, parking, beggars, and local revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah/PAD), (2) become street vendors is one way of maintaining the viability, (3) Semarang city government policies relating to the existence of street vendors is RTRW Semarang Year 2000-2010, RTRW Semarang Year 2011-2031, Semarang RPJPD, and law No. 11 of 2000 on street vendors. Municipal policy, the main legislation and RPJPD RTRW directed to realize the vision of the city of Semarang as Trade Center and the international service, so that law-regulation is more favorable in the implementation of the investors. Law No. 11 of 2000 more set of obligations and restrictions set for the street vendors rather than the rights of street vendors, so street vendors do not have enough space to live and develop their business, (4) policy of the arrangement of street vendors in Semarang is more emphasis on relocation, which is accompanied by violence, both symbolic and direct (physical) cause resistance of the merchants in Sampangan, Basudewo, and Kokrosono. PKL resistance factors based on (a) a bad experience when street vendors to move, (b) street vendors have enjoyed the comfort zone at they are trade location, (c) poor communication between the municipal government with street vendors, (d ) PKL is not involved in making fair decisions concerning themselves, (e) PKL is controlled by the attitude of self-interest, although not all like that, (f) fear street vendors in the new place will lose something of value, such as income, (g) PKL afraid of failure in a new place, (h) street vendors feel they have no choice but to trade in these locations, (i) street vendors feel threatened his job, (j) the risks in the new place is greater than the risks incurred when still at the location originally, (5) resistance of street vendors to the municipal government of Semarang take two forms, physical resistance (hardness) and nonviolent resistance. Resistance of violence is shown by street vendors is quarrels, prompting the officer, maintaining buildings and stalls that will be demolished, up the Begu, blocking the driver to run Begu, and confront the officer who will dismantle the building and street vendors stall. Nonviolent resistance is shown in the form of peaceful demonstrations, speeches, run and back, make pamphlets or posters, banners, and founded the Anti-Eviction Command Post, (6) resistance PKL as a collective action, triggered by a discrepancy between the expectations, the desire to continue to trade at a location occupied during this and the fact, in the form of municipal government policy that street vendors relocate to another place. Leadership with a spirit of sacrifice of the chief adviser to the street vendors and street vendors are transform into the sacrifice of social capital, strengthening social relationships based on trust and norms among the street vendors. Cohesiveness, a sense of belonging and sharing in the body of their internal organization, making the street vendors have bonding social capital that can be relied upon, and become cement for their resistance attitudes toward municipal government. Social networks are built by the chairman of the association of street vendors with street vendors associations who more bigger; a number of NGOs and student organizations provide additional strength to the street vendors to take the fight to the municipal government of Semarang. Bridging social capital that gives strength to why street vendors can survive in a location that has been evicted by the City Government. The spirit of sacrifice displayed by chairman of street vendors , who then spread to other management, is social capital infinite whose strengthen members of PKL determination to act together (collectively) to resist the municipal government policies that do not accommodate their aspirations and interests. This social capital is called that social capital at the expense or sacrifice of social capital. This sacrifice of social capital is theoretically can enrich the concept of social capital that has been developed by the theorists of social capital, especially the concept of social capital related with economic and political issues. In the aspect of development, this sacrifice of social capital if combined with institutional capital from the government, can be create sustainable development, in terms of both process and outcome