Draft genome sequence reveals co-occurrence of multiple antimicrobial resistance and plant probiotic traits in rice root endophytic strain Burkholderia sp. LS-044 affiliated to Burkholderia cepacia complex

Objectives: Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) have been isolated from various environmental and clinical samples and reportedly pose a threat to human health. Here we examine the draft genome sequence of Burkholderia sp. LS-044, an antibiotic-resistant endophytic strain affiliated to the Bcc (ST895) inhabiting rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Tainung 71) root. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility of LS-044 was evaluated comparatively with other Burkholderia sp. (CC-Al74 and CC-3XP9) using commercial ATB PSE 5 test strips. The genome of LS-044 was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Plant probiotic and antimicrobial resistance genes were screened by Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST), CARD 2017, NCBI and/or UniProt. Results: Plant-associated members of Bcc (LS-044 and CC-Al74) exhibited greater resistance to the majority of antibiotics tested. The draft genome sequence of LS-044 contained 8.78 Mbp in 62 contigs having a G + C content of 66.5%, 8868 coding sequences and 75 RNAs. The genome harboured genes coding for LysR-type β-lactamase transcription regulator, classes A, C and D β-lactamases, several metaldependent β-lactamases, antibiotic efflux proteins, and proteins conferring resistance to colistin, streptothricin, colicin and fluoroquinolones. Similarly, it also possessed genes for copper homeostasis, copper–cobalt–zinc–cadmium–chromium resistance and reduction of mercury. Genes involved in flagellar motility, hydrolysis of murein and chitin, production of siderophore and auxin, and metabolism of aromatic compounds were also found. Conclusion: Genome sequence data revealed an interlinked occurrence of plant probiotic traits and antimicrobial resistance in the rice root endophyte LS-044