Impact of Environmental Regulation on China's Industrial Energy Efficiency:An Empirical study Based on the Data of Micro-enterprises

林伯强，厦门大学管理学院中国能源政策研究院教授、博士生导师，长江学者特聘教授，经济学博士；王喜枝,厦门大学管理学院中国能源政策研究院研究助理；杜之利，厦门大学管理学院中国能源政策研究院助理教授，经济学博士。【中文摘要】中国工业发展初期沿用高能耗、高排放、低效率的粗放型经济模式造成一系列环境问题,提高能源效率是解决当前环境污染与能源短缺双重困境、实现碳达峰与碳中和的必然选择。环境污染的负外部性催生了政府环境规制。现有理论分析表明，环境规制通过成本效应和技术创新作用于能源效率，但相关研究多集中于考察地区特征对能源效率的影口向,可宏观数据往往会忽略企业异质性的影响。基于2003—2011年中国工业企业能源环境数据，可考察环境规制对企业能源效率的影响及传导机制。研究结果表明：中国工业能源效率存在发展不平衡现象。环境规制通过增加污染末端治理成本和倒逼技术创新对工业能源效率产生正向影响。同时,环境规制对能源效率的影响存在异质1性：由于存在污染避难所效应，环境规制对重度污染企业的能源效率影响并不明显，并且对高资源禀赋地区的能源效率具有更明显的改善作用。 【Abstract】The extensive economic model with high energy consumption，high emission and low efficiency adopted in the early stage of China's industrial development caused a series of environmental problems. Improving energy efficiency is an inevitable choice to solve the dilemma between energy shortage and environmental pollution and to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. The negative externality of environmental pollution has given birth to government environmental regulation. The existing theoretical analysis shows that environmental regulation can affect energy efficiency through cost effect and technological innovation，but it only focuses on the impact of regional characteristics on energy efficiency by using macro data which neglects the impact of enterprise heterogeneity. Based on the energy and environmental data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2003 to 2011，the impact of environmental regulation on enterprise energy efficiency and its transmission mechanism was investigated. The results show that there is an imbalance of industrial energy efficiency in China. Environmental regulation can positively afect Chinese industrial energy efficiency by increasing the cost of environment pollution end treatment and driving technological innovation. The impact of environmental regulation on energy efficiency is heterogeneous. Larger-scale enterprises are more sensitive to environmental regulation. The impact of environmental regulation on energy efficiency of heavily polluting enterprises is not obvious due to the existence of a certain “pollution haven effect”. And it can dramatically improve the energy efficiency in high resource endowment areas.中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“汽车能源消费核算指标体系设计”（20720201023