Increasing FAIRness by sustainable modelling of interactions of parties with land administration systems

In recent years, mobile and web applications are being used extensively and availability of data, including geospatial data has increased dramatically. With the outbreak of Covid-19 this was emphasised even more. The emphasis from large IT systems has shifted towards modular service-oriented systems. This allows easier upgrading and adding of specific components. OGC standards have been available since early 2000s with aim to provide a common base for the dissemination of geospatial data. These standards are mostly depending on XML format to provide data and metadata. In the current technological stack, XML became unsuitable, too complex to handle by various clients (mobile/web applications, various devices). That has been addressed by OGC as well and in 2018 activities on the new set of OGC API standards has started. The overall of these standards follows the overall aim of OGC, to make geospatial data FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable). Land Administration System (LAS) data also have a geospatial component and have been extensively using OGC standards for dissemination. Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) provides a common conceptual model for modelling LAS. LADM is being revised and the second edition having a wider scope by adding support for modelling marine spaces, land valuation and spatial planning. It also brings changes on existing classes related to land registration to address issues recognized by a wide range of scientists and practitioners involved in LADM. However, LADM is missing support for modelling various interactions that are available in the current technological environment. Nowadays LAS data are usually published via web applications (geoportals) where users can in an interactive manner browse LAS data. LADM supports modelling only formal procedures such as registering a building, splitting a parcel, retrieving a certificate (map, ownership). This paper is focused on a standard-based implementations of interactions of people to LAS data and explores options to make land administration processes and data FAIR. We first define a hierarchical organization of interactions of parties with LAS. Then, we integrate the concept of LADM into the current version of LADM Edition II and show how existing formal processes and LADM classes LA_Source and VersionedObject are integrated with interactions. At the end, we present how these interactions fit into the concepts defined by OGC API standards. Also, to prove feasibility of developed concept, we give an example of implementation with open-source library pygeoapi which is an OGC API Reference Implementation