The first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic-impact on otorhinolaryngology

Background The first year of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has already affected our public health care system to an enormous extent and will continue to do so in the future. Otorhinolaryngologists (ORLs) are suspected to be at high risk of infection, due to the high viral load in the mucosa of the upper airways. The current review evaluates the impact of the pandemic on ORLs' activities and assesses the risk infection. Methods A selective literature research was conducted using relevant English and German terms for ORL, SARS-CoV-2, risk, and infection at PubMed, medRxiv, and bioRxiv, as well as in the Deutsches arzteblatt and on the websites of the Robert Koch Institute and the Johns Hopkins University. Results Protection recommendations for ORL include general hygiene measures and wearing KN95 masks for routine professional activities. When in contact with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, it is recommended to extend the personal protective equipment by eye protection, gloves, cap, and gown. International otorhinolaryngology societies have released guidelines for procedures (e.g., tracheostomy, sinus surgery), propagating personal protection for the surgical team and reduction of aerosols. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in patients and medical staff can contribute to reducing the risk of infection. Vaccination would provide some additional protection for ORLs and other health care professionals with increased exposure to aerosols. There is increasing evidence that ORLs are at a high risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion Consequent personal protection, frequent testing of patients and health care professionals, and the promised SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations may provide adequate protection for highly exposed persons