Exploring space geodetic technology for physical coastal vulnerability index and management strategies: a review

Sustaining coastal ecosystems from the impact of rising sea levels is vital since they offer environmental services that are considered critical for humans’ well-being. The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) is favoured in coastal hazard studies, as it provides a predictive approach to coastal changes through its simple numerical basis in classifying coastlines based on their potential to change. The recent widespread use of innovative technologies has contributed to accessible coastal components to investigate coastal hazards and analyse risk assessment. However, most of the studies related to CVI have rarely exploited these forms of technology despite being utilised in various geodetic applications. Hence, a comprehensive review is performed to evaluate the application of these technological advances, particularly on exploiting space geodetic technology to determine and classify coastal information from various analytical approaches. This paper systematised modern approaches utilizing space technology to form CVI to assess the significant processes affecting the vulnerability and evolution of coastal areas. It is envisaged that the exploitation of space technology will facilitate CVI development and promote effective coastal management strategies