An exploratory factor analysis to measure self-efficacy in instrumental and vocal performance among university music students

The purpose of this study was to explore, validate and develop the Music Performance Self-Efficacy (MPSES) among University Music Students. The instrument of this study was adapted through the Micheal Zelanak study. A Total of 100 respondents from the Institute of Higher Learning in Malaysia were randomly selected in the data collection for this pilot study. Exploratory factor analysis was applied in the analysis of this study. To determine whether a particular item was significantly loaded, standard errors for factor loading were computed and utilized efficiently. This is to ascertain whether the difference between the factor loading of two or more items on the same factor is statistically significant. A total of 22 of the 24 items were categorized based on four dimensions, which are ‘Mastery Experiences’, ‘Vicarious Experiences' , ‘Verbal or Social Persuasion’ and ‘Psychological State’. The internal consistency value ranged from 0.78 to 0.91 while the overall reliability of the instrument was .92. The findings of this study indicate that the MPSES instrument was valid and reliable to measure self-efficacy among instrumental and vocal performance students at the university. Future study using a wide and varied of samples was recommended