Biomechaninių ir fiziologinių parametrų tyrimas irklavimo sporte skirtingomis testavimo sąlygomis: sisteminė apžvalga

A successful rowing performance depends on physiological factors and technical preparedness. Accurate measures are inevitably important for assessment of competitive athletes. The aim of this review is to identify physiological and biomechanical parameters used for performance evaluation in rowing considering testing conditions: on-water or ergometer. Methods Electronic databases were searched using a variety of keywords relating to rowing performance evaluation and physiological factors of a competitive rower. Included studies followed the criteria: published since 2011 in English, investigated biomechanical or physiological factors of professional rowers during on-water or ergometer testing. Studies that involved non-rowers, athletes with disabilities, supplementation effects for performance were excluded. The following information was extracted: (a) participant characteristics; (b) study design, rowing conditions, tests performed, biomechanical and physiological parameters tested. Results Parameters used for physiological evaluation of the athlete were maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, minute ventilation, ventilatory threshold, respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, muscle electrical activity, anthropometric and body composition measures. For biomechanical evaluation rowing speed, distance, acceleration, velocity, stroke rate, frequency, power, total stroke time and velocity, also stroke frequency at selected time points, kinematic data were used. Incremental, all-out power tests were performed in various distances and different conditions. Additionally, anthropometry, dynamometry, strength, jump tests, electromyography, audio-feedback tests were executed. Conclusions Performance evaluation of rowers on ergometer is still more used than on-water testing because of the environmental conditions and limitations to individual evaluation of each member of the crew