Changes in the level of athletic and special physical preparedness of boxers aged 14—16 years during the yearly training cycle

Topicality of the research. The majority of scientific publications and teaching materials devoted to methods of research deal with training of adult boxers. Little attention, however, is given to selection of young boxers, their training and teaching the technique of boxing, problems of competitive activities included (Cтрелников, 2000; Полиевский и др., 2002; Морозов, 2004). Current practice shows that it is in the early stages of training (elementary training, the period of developing sports skills and primary specialization) that the technique of rational movements with respect to the dexterity of boxers and the regularities of changes in force — dexterity complex should be formed (Суслов, ���олодов, 1997; Новиков, 1999; Морозов, 2004). Insufficient attention has also been given so far to the athletic and special physical preparedness of young boxers during the stage of initial training. The aim of the research — was to study the peculiarities of changes in the athletic and special physical preparedness of young boxers during the yearly cycle of initial training. The tasks set were as follows: 1. To investigate the structure and content of the training process of boxers during the one—year cycle of initial training. 2. To study the changes in the indices of body composition of beginners boxers during the one—year cycle of initial training. 3. To study the changes in athletic preparedness of boxers during the one—year cycle of initial training. 4. To study the changes in special preparedness of boxers during the one—year cycle of initial training. The methods used in the research were as follows: theoretical analysis and generalization, analysis of the plans of training, testing, mathematical statistics. Organization of the research. Three tests were carried out: test 1 (14.10.2005—25.10.2005), test 2 (30.01.2006—07.02.2006) and test 3 (07.06.2006—15.06.2006). The tests were carried out in several stages. First of all, testing of body composition of the subjects was performed. Then testing of their athletic and special preparedness was undertaken. The research lasted 4—5 days during each testing. The sample consisted of 14 beginners, boxers aged 14—16 years (average age — 14,9±0,6 years) engaged in boxing for the first year. Results. We have established that in the yearly training cycle of beginners, boxers aged 14—16 years, most attention was given to technical training, i. e. 28,5% of the total training time, and to special physical training — 27,6% of the total training time respectively. Athletic training made up 24,6% of the total training time, and tactical training — 19,3% of the total training time accordingly. During the yearly training cycle there has been an increase in the height (p<0,05), body mass (p<0,05), body mass index, Ketlė index (p<0,05), as well as in the strength of hand grip (p<0,05) of beginners, young boxers aged 14—16 years. We have also found a statistically significant increase (p<0,05) in dexterity, explosive strength, endurance of hand muscular strength, flexibility, frequency of hand movements and jumping fitness endurance of young boxers, aged 14—16 years, developed as a result of the yearly training. There has been a statistically significant increase (p