Expression of respect during basketball game and coaches’ self-efficacy to influence athletes’ behavior

In the research basketball players’ respects to referees and contestants as well as coaches’ attitudes towards sport activities and their self-efficacy have been chosen as a research object. Research aim is to find out the expression of respect during the game and coaches’ self-efficacy to influence players’ behavior. Research objectives: 1. To define the expression of respect during the basketball game. 2. To find out the expression of respect during the basketball game according to the basketball players’ age, its development and final outcome. 3. To find out the expression of coaches’ negative behavior during the game according to the players’ age, its development and final outcome. 4. To find out the coaches’ allocated attention to the fair play as well as the attitudes towards sports activities. 5. To find out coaches’ self-efficacy to influence sportsmen’s behavior. Research hypotheses: • The first presumption, related to the basketball players’ age, claims that junior basketball players demonstrate respect towards referees and contestants more often than senior basketball players do. • The second presumption, related to the basketball players’ behavior during the game, claims that during the second part of the game there is more expressed negative basketball players’ behavior, related to the expression of anger as well as the opposition towards the referees’ solutions. • The third presumption, related to the end of the game, foresees that the more equal the result is, the less respect towards the contestant and referee’s solutions is noticed. • The fourth presumption, related to the coaches’ attitudes towards sports activities, claims that in sports activities they much more highlight social agreements and commitment to work, and focus on the respect towards contestants less as well as that is not related to their work experience. • Under the fifth presumption there is a trial to ground the statement that those coaches’, who possess greater work experience, put more highlight on their self-efficacy to influence their players. During the research of basketball players’ and coaches’ behavior during the game, there was carried out an observation. There were observed 17 teams and 40 matches. 20 of games were observed in a 13-15 age-group (8 teams) and 20 games in a 17-18 age-group (9 teams). In the research there were also interviewed 36 basketball coaches. In order to find out coaches’ allocated attention to fair play, there has been applied personally designed questionnaire. For the research of coaches’ attitudes towards sports activities, there was applied modified questionnaire, prepared by R. Vallerand and co-authors’ (1997). During the research of coaches’ self-efficacy to influence sportsmen’s behavior, there was applied the questionnaire ‘My and my sportsmen’s health’ (Ciairano, et. al., 2007). The observation revealed that basketball players express respect towards referees’ solutions most often and least towards contestants. It was defined that the respect towards the referee’s solutions negatively correlates with curse words applied by players. Consequently, there was defined the connection between the sportsmen’s anger and the coaches’ disrespect towards referees’ solutions as well as curse words. During the observation it was also defined that junior basketball players more often agree with referees’ solutions, but they demonstrate the respect towards contestants more seldom. The suggested presumption concerning the fact that in the second part of the game, basketball players more often disagree with referees and get angry, proved. During the assessment of the observation data according to the final game result, it was defined that in the presence of the less difference than ten points, basketball players behave unfairly during the game. During the assessment of the coaches’ behavior, it was defined the coaches’ who train junior basketball players, express disrespect towards their trainees more often than ones who train senior basketball players. Coaches demonstrate disrespect towards their trainees as well as referees, and apply curse words more often in those games, which end in the difference of more than ten points. The survey revealed that coaches, especially those who possess greater work experience, often attribute to the sportsmen’s respect towards contestants and referees; however, it is rarely read about the dope harm. During the assessment of their attitudes towards sports activities, it was revealed that they emphasize their personal commitment to the activities as well as respect for social conventions, but they quite rarely highlight respect for the opponent. Coaches consider being more self-efficacy to attract the youth to the sports activities, to influence their leisure and communicate with them. However, they admit to being least able to prevent players from risky behavior