Trainers’ attitudes to the cheating in sports

Object of the Research – trainers’ attitude to the cheating in sports and their provisions to such behavior in sports. Aim of the Research – analyze trainers’ attitudes to the cheating in sports. Goals of the Research: 1. To analyze the conception of cheating in sports and the forms of cheating. 2. To determine trainers’ attitude to the spread of cheating in sports. 3. To determine trainers’ provisions to the excuses cheating in sports. 4. To analyze coherence between trainers’ provisions to the individual behavior in sporting and excuses of cheating. Volume of the investigation consisted of 85 trainers from various sports, who were chosen by accidental selection. 10 people from those, who took part in the survey, work as trainers and physical education training teachers. 13 of them had been working as physical education training teachers, and the other 61 had never been working as physical education training teachers (one trainer did not answer to this question). The trainers’ provisions to the cheating in sports have been analyzed with the help of the self-made questionnaire, which consisted of 19 statements. First of all, the participants had to evaluate every statement by choosing one of the five variants: from 1, which means that it does not exist in sport, to 5, which means, that it often happens in sports. Analogically, once again the participants had to evaluate all the 19 statements by choosing one of the five variants: from 1, which means that such behavior can not be excused, to 5, which means that such behavior can always be excused. By applying factoring analysis model, it was possible to distinguish five factors, such as: sportsman’s manipulation in the result of the match, provocation against the opponent and the referee, manipulation in the sporting contest rules, sportsman’s simulation in order to gain some benefit and referee’s or organizer’s manipulation in the result of the match. Likewise, in the questionnaire the trainers were asked to note how they understand the cheating in sport. Besides that, they were asked to indicate if such behavior is frequent and to determine what is being sought by such behavior. For the analysis of provisions to the self acting in sports, a modified questionnaire (MSOS-25) arranged by Vallerand, R et. al. (1997) was used. This questionnaire was intended to analyze the sportsmen’s provisions and here it was fitted for the trainers. All the statements were left as they were (except some slight corrections), simply instead the sportsman, in this case the subject was a trainer. The questionnaire consisted of 25 statements, in which the behavior of the trainers during the contest and after it was described. Every statement had to be evaluated by the participants while choosing one of the five variants (from 1 – I never do like this –to 5 –I always behave like this). Therefore, this questionnaire allows one to distinguish five factors: respect for the social conventions, respect for the rules and the referees, trainer’s dedication for his/her work, respect for the opponents and negative attitude to the sporting activity. The main results of the research can be seen from the following conclusions: The analysis of the scientific literature allows affirming, that it is not enough to define the cheating in sports by a violation of the rules or existing conventions. Cheating is unethical and conscious acting, which is used to subjugate interests of the others and one self’s aims, in such a way the norms, of fundamental respect for the others are being also violated. With the reference to the results of the trainers’ survey, the most often is such type of cheating, which is concerned with manipulation in the sporting contest’s rules, and most rarely with sportsmen’s or trainers’ manipulation in the result of the match. Trainers, with different seniority, had a different opinion about the frequency of manipulation in the rules of sporting contests, i.e. the trainers who have greater seniority, notices such actions more often. Furthermore, the obtained results allow to state, that trainers are minded not to condemn the cheating in sport, and sometimes they even tend to excuse such actions. Most often, trainers mind to excuse cheating which is used to impact on the course of the match, and most rarely the in advanced arrangements of the team heads or sportsmen are being excused. Moreover, the results revealed that trainers, who had been worked as physical education training teachers, even more often excuse the actions, which can be ascribed to cheating, except the manipulations in the rules of sporting contests and sportsmen’s simulation. To conclude it can be stated, that trainers, who are less minded to respect the rules of sporting contests, competitors and existing conventions tend to excuse cheating in sports more often. But there were no clear coherence between negative provision to the sporting and excusing the cheating