Japan at the crossroads

For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/Japan, whose modern history includes revolutionary change during the Meiji Restoration and after WWII, is again facing the prospect of remaking itself. This time the impetus is a decade of stagnant economic growth and the resulting pressures from an uneasy electorate and from worried Asian neighbors and the U.S. In response, the Japanese government is now promising extensive, even radical, reform. But such rhetoric must be viewed with caution. For Japan's postwar economic success has made its citizens leery of fundamental change while simultaneously undermining the four major pillars of the modern political system: a public consensus on national goals; the presence of large, integrative interest groups; a powerful and high-prestige bureaucracy; and one-party dominance. Meanwhile, a fifth pillar of modern Japan still stands: the U.S.-Japan alliance. Though often buffeted by trade disputes, it is misunderstandings about regional political and security issues that really threaten the relationship. If it were to collapse, so might expectations for incremental and constructive change in Japan