Benefit-sharing of proceeds from minerals: a legal analysis of the shortfalls of Tanzania's new Mining Laws and Regulations on Beneficiation

Beneficiation is the process whereby minerals undergo value addition before exportation. For the beneficiation process to be successful, it must be regulated effectively by legislation. The United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania), being a resource-rich country, enacted new mining laws and regulations to improve mining activities' economic benefits. However, Tanzania continuously fails to realise the intended purpose of the new mining laws and regulations, particularly in respect of benefit sharing. The bottom line is that this country fails to acquire a fair share of its mineral resource benefits. This dissertation argues that the beneficiation of minerals is one way to enhance a host nation's economic benefits from exploiting its mineral resources. The dissertation analyses the new Tanzanian mining laws and regulations on beneficiation and discusses their shortfalls. First, this dissertation inquires how the new Tanzanian mining laws and regulations promoted minerals' beneficiation as a benefit-sharing enhancement mechanism. Second, this dissertation inquires how Tanzania can improve these laws to ensure an increased share of benefits from mineral activities. This dissertation argues that the new Tanzanian mining laws and regulations have shortfalls and practical challenges on beneficiation. This dissertation offers recommendations to the Tanzanian government to carry out beneficiation to develop Tanzania and its citizens