This document presents the study of several models of state machines, all of them extending the same formalism: the classical tree automata, and their application in various reasoning tasks, such as static analysis of programs or systems, typing, verification of the consistency of specifications, model checking... Trees are a natural data structure, widespread in computer science, for instance for the representation of hierarchical or nested data structures, e.g. filesystems, for specific algorithms (binary search trees, distributed algorithms), for an abstract model for semi-structured data used for information exchange in the Web, for an algebraic presentation of recursive processes, as terms in logic... When it comes to reasoning on syst...