Optimization Process Parameters of Submerged Arc Welding Using Factorial Design Approach

This research study is investigating the weldability of the low carbon steel through studying the effects of the welding process parameters [welding current (I), arc voltage (U), welding speed (S)] on the weld joints' quality on the weld bead geometry [bead width (W), bead height (H), bead penetration (P)]. The crosses were welded using submerged arc welding. This study is based on the assumption that the optimum parameters of the welding process that lead to the optimum geometry of weld bead, must achieve high-quality welds, which can result in better weld bead geometry, mechanical, and metallurgical properties. Where an experimental part is based on the level factorial design of three process parameters. Then, the weld bead characteristics were measured for each sample. A series of experimental data was used to construct the mathematical models to predict the weld bead geometry characteristics for any given welding conditions. The mathematical modelling was developed using the multiple regression method by applying the multiple linear regression equation. The values of coefficients of the linear equation for the weld bead characteristics were calculated by regression method using package for social science SPSS softwar