The thesis deals with the contribution of the Laplace method to the approximation of the Bayesian filter in hidden Markov models with continuous state--space, i.e. in a sequential framework, with target tracking as the main application domain. Originally, the Laplace method is an asymptotic method used to compute integrals, i.e. in a static framework, valid in theory as soon as the function to be integrated exhibits an increasingly dominating maximum point, which brings the essential contribution to the integral. The two main contributions of the thesis are the following. Firstly, we have combined the Laplace method and particle filters: indeed, it is well-known that sequential Monte Carlo methods based on importance sampling are inefficien...