Management of persistent ductus arteriosus in very premature neonates. Results of the French TRIOCAPI trial, perspectives for clinicians, and subsequent studies on this topic

Over the past four decades, the management of persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in newborns has remained a hotly debated topic and there is currently no consensus on who, when, and how to treat. While some authors argue that a PDA is an innocent bystander, making treatment unnecessary and potentially dangerous [1], others are concerned about the potential harmful effects of a PDA, which include pulmonary hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), hypotension, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis, and mortality [2]. Current PDA treatment strategies vary from an early pharmacologic approach to a conservative approach, with specific criteria for late pharmacologic treatme