Ecological risk assessment for different macrophytes and fish species in reservoirs using biota-sediment accumulation factors as a useful tool

Metal content was evaluated in the sediment, macrophytes and fish in the Medjuvrtje reservoir (Western Serbia). Concentrations of 16 trace elements (Ag; Al; As; B; Ba; Cd; Co; Cr; Cu; Fe; Li; Mn; Ni; Pb; Sr; Zn) were analysed in the sediment, macrophytes and fish of an aquatic ecosystem. Five macrophyte species and three fish tissues (liver, muscle, gills) from five fish species (freshwater bream, common nase, Prussian carp, chub, wels catfish) were sampled and the metal content was analysed with ICP-OES. The sediment concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Zn exceeded the Canadian sediment quality guidelines while concentrations of Cr and Ni were above the Netherlands' target values. Bioaccumulation factors (BSAF) were calculated for analysed macrophytes and fish tissue. The BSAF had higher values for macrophytes for all investigated elements except for Cu and Zn; Cu had a higher value in the liver of the freshwater bream (0.823) and Zn had a higher value in the liver of freshwater bream (0.914) and chub (0.834) as well as in gills of Prussian carp (2.58) and chub (1.26). Potamogeton pectinatus, Ceratophylum demersum and the root of Phragmites communis showed higher accumulation of elements than Trapa natans and Potamogeton fluitans and the body of P. communis. The highest BSAF values for Ba, Mn, Sr and Ni were recorded in the gills. Cd and Cu had the highest BSAF values in the liver. Results confirmed that particular macrophyte and fish species could be a good indicator of reservoir water and sediment pollution