Understanding Job Stress and Organizational Effectiveness of Airline Employees Due to Changes in the Employment Environment under COVID-19—Focusing on the Difference in the GAD-7 of Employees

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the job stress of employees due to changes in the employment environment of airlines under COVID-19 and job burnout and turnover intention. GAD-7 was applied to verify the influence relationship linking job stress, job burnout and turnover intention, using a structural equation model according to anxiety, namely, COVID blues. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the relationship linking job stress, job burnout and turnover intention of employees due to changes in the employment environment resulting from the business crisis of airlines under the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been ongoing since 2020. In addition, it was possible to understand the degree of impact on stress, job burnout and turnover intention by measuring the anxiety disorder of employees, i.e., COVID-19 blues, due to the prolonged pandemic. This study provides basic data on human management measures in the aviation field. Furthermore, according to the results of this study, changes in the employment environment led to job stress in employees, which in turn increased employee job burnout and turnover intention. These results can provide practical implications and help human resource managers to better manage employees, as it was revealed that both changes in the organization of employees and changes in the employment environment of temporary employees increase job stress. Lastly, in the situation where COVID-19 and its associated blues continue, the GAD-7 scale, typically used for patients in hospitals, was applied to airline employees to determine their anxiety levels and psychological state, representing an effective method of lowering intention to leave, job stress and job burnout