Bottom-up estimates of atmospheric emissions of CO₂, NO₂, CO, NH₃, and Black Carbon, generated by biomass burning in the north of South America

[EN] Biomass burning is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and air pollutants (AP) in developing countries. In this research, a bottom-up method was implemented for the estimation of emissions, emphasizing the validation process of aerial biomass products (AGB), which it has not been sufficiently approached from the point of view of the quantification of emissions. The most recent results on the validation of burned area (AQ) products and the analysis of uncertainty were also incorporated into the process of estimating the emissions of gases that directly or indirectly promote the greenhouse effect, such as CO₂, NO₂, CO, NH₃, and Black Carbon (BC). In total, 87.60 Mha were burned in the region between 2001 and 2016, represented in a 57% by pasture lands a 23% by savannas, an 8% by savanna woodlands, an 8% by mixed soils with crops and natural vegetation, a 3% by evergreen broadleaf forests, and a 1 % in the region´s remaining types of land cover. With 35480 reference polygons, a model based on the uncertainty of AQ was generated, which served to find the calibration factor of the FireCCI5.0 in all the studied species. The total emissions (minimum and maximum) and the average of the same in the study period were the following: 1760 Tg CO₂ (765.07-2552.88; average 110 Tg), 68.12 Tg of CO (27.11-98.87; average 4.26 Tg), 3.05 Tg of NO₂ (1.27-4.40; average 0.19 Tg), 0.76 Tg of NH₃ (0.33-1.12; average 0.05 Tg), and 0.44 Tg of Black Carbon (0.015-0.64; average 0.03 Tg).[ES] La quema de biomasa es una fuente importante de gases efecto invernadero (GEI) y contaminantes atmosféricos (CA) en la región norte de Sur América (NHSA). En esta investigación se implementó un método bottom-up para la estimación de emisiones, haciendo énfasis en el proceso de validación de los productos de biomasa aérea (AGB), lo que hasta ahora ha sido poco abordado desde el punto de vista de la cuantificación de las emisiones. También se incorporaron los resultados más recientes sobre la validación de productos de área quemada (AQ) y el análisis de la incertidumbre, dentro del proceso de estimación de las emisiones de gases, que de forma directa o indirecta, promueven el efecto invernadero, como lo son el CO₂, NO₂, CO, NH₃ y Black Carbon (BC). En total se quemaron en la región 87,60 Mha entre 2001 y 2016, representadas en un 57% por pastos; 23%, sabanas; 8%, sabanas arboladas; 8%, suelos mixtos con cultivos y vegetación natural; 3%, bosques perennes de latifoliadas; 1%, en el resto de coberturas. Con 35.480 polígonos de referencia se generó un modelo basado en la incertidumbre de AQ, el cual sirvió para encontrar el factor de calibración del FireCCI5.0 en todas las especies estudiadas. Así se obtuvo como resultado que las emisiones totales (mínimas y máximas) y el promedio de las mismas en el periodo de estudio fueron en su orden 1760 Tg CO₂ (765,07-2552,88; promedio 110 Tg), 68,12 Tg de CO (27,11-98,87; promedio 4,26 Tg), 3,05 Tg de NO₂ (1,27-4,40; promedio 0,19 Tg), 0,76 Tg de NH₃ (0,33-1,12; promedio 0,05 Tg), 0,44 Tg de Black Carbon (0,015-0,64; promedio de 0,03 Tg).Queremos agradecer a la Universidades de San Buenaventura a través de sus programas de Especialización en Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Maestría en Geoinformática, a la Universidad de Medellín a través de su Doctorado en Ingenierías y el Doctorado en Modelamiento y Ciencia Computacional. Igualmente damos gracias a Colciencias por su importante aporte para apoyar la formación de investigadores a un alto nivel, con su programa de Becas ColcienciasPrograma Doctoral convocatoria 567, código PDBCNAL71331711. 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