美国对华贸易政策的双层博弈分析 : 以国际大豆定价权问题为例 = Two-level games analysis on American trade policy toward China : taking an example of international soybean’s pricing power

在国际大宗农产品贸易中，大豆是重要的粮食作物和战略物资，大豆产业在国民经济中有着不可低估的作用。目前，中国是世界上最大的大豆进口国，但与中国这个身份不相符的事实是，中国在大豆进口上没有相应的定价权。对大豆定价权问题的研究对于维护我国国民经济增长、维护本国企业利益具有重要的理论和现实意义。对美国而言，美国贸易政策是国际层面博弈和国内层面博弈共同作用的结果，在经济全球化的大背景下，用双层博弈理论的视角来分析贸易问题，有助于深刻认识美国对华贸易的实质，为中国参与定价过程，维护经济利益和粮食安全提供一些有益的启示。 In international agricultural commodities trade, soybeans are important crops and strategic materials, the importance of the soybean industry in national economy cannot be underestimated. At present, China is the world’s largest importer of soybeans, but China doesn’t embrace the pricing power in the import of soybean. Soybean pricing issue has important theoretical and practical significance for safeguarding China’s national economic growth and the interest of domestic enterprise. As far as America is concerned, the trade policy toward China is the result of international game and domestic game. Under the background of economic globalization, analysis on trade issue through two-level games is helpful to understand essence of American trade policy toward China so as to provide some helpful suggestion on China’s participation in pricing process and safeguarding economic interest and food security