Vertical reference systems based on national precise levelling networks have been realised in Europe since the 1860’s. The heights are related to gravity, which by convention may be measured values or amodel. The Norwegian Height System was adjusted in 1956 when the southern part of the country had been levelled once. Because of the lack of measured gravity, Clairaut’s formula for gravity was used in the orthometric correction. The intention was to establish an orthometric height system, but this was never tested or confirmed. In the literature the system is often referred to as orthometric, but some times as normal orthometric. This study shows that the Norwegian Height System was realised by a strongly deformed net due to lack of land upl...
The main problem of the rigorous definition of the orthometric height is the evaluation of the mean ...
Though considered the easiest in 3-Dimensional Point Positioning, the choice of a height system espe...
Today one of the open problems from the geodetic point of view is the determination of a geometric (...
Abstract. Vertical reference systems based on national precise levelling net-works have been realise...
This paper investigates the propagation of input data errors through the application of Helmert orth...
The International Height Reference System (IHRS) was defined by the International Association of Geo...
Abstract. The introduction of a new national height system, as it is prepared now in Switzerland, ar...
When height networks are being adjusted, many geodesists advocate the approach where the adjustment ...
Following our earlier definition of the rigorous orthometric height [J Geod 79(1-3):82?92 (2005)] we...
Levelling increments must be corrected for gravity in order to get proper dynamic or orthometric hei...
Due to increasing accuracy in measurements of the earth's gravity potential from satellitemissions t...
levelling using the motorised levelling technique. The system is defined to agree with the European ...
Precise levelling results are affected by the Earth’s gravity field, especially in areas of abrupt c...
The quasi-geoid/geoid can be determined from the Global Positioning System (GPS) ellipsoidal height ...
AbstractThough considered the easiest in 3-Dimensional Point Positioning, the choice of a height sys...
The main problem of the rigorous definition of the orthometric height is the evaluation of the mean ...
Though considered the easiest in 3-Dimensional Point Positioning, the choice of a height system espe...
Today one of the open problems from the geodetic point of view is the determination of a geometric (...
Abstract. Vertical reference systems based on national precise levelling net-works have been realise...
This paper investigates the propagation of input data errors through the application of Helmert orth...
The International Height Reference System (IHRS) was defined by the International Association of Geo...
Abstract. The introduction of a new national height system, as it is prepared now in Switzerland, ar...
When height networks are being adjusted, many geodesists advocate the approach where the adjustment ...
Following our earlier definition of the rigorous orthometric height [J Geod 79(1-3):82?92 (2005)] we...
Levelling increments must be corrected for gravity in order to get proper dynamic or orthometric hei...
Due to increasing accuracy in measurements of the earth's gravity potential from satellitemissions t...
levelling using the motorised levelling technique. The system is defined to agree with the European ...
Precise levelling results are affected by the Earth’s gravity field, especially in areas of abrupt c...
The quasi-geoid/geoid can be determined from the Global Positioning System (GPS) ellipsoidal height ...
AbstractThough considered the easiest in 3-Dimensional Point Positioning, the choice of a height sys...
The main problem of the rigorous definition of the orthometric height is the evaluation of the mean ...
Though considered the easiest in 3-Dimensional Point Positioning, the choice of a height system espe...
Today one of the open problems from the geodetic point of view is the determination of a geometric (...