Conception de réseaux haut débit sous contrainte de sécurisation

The rise of modern broadband communication networks made IP networks evolve toward new services. The current trend is the convergence of networks where each operator wants to offer a multitude of services to his customers. However, the control over the quality of service is still a major challenge for research. In this context, these thesis work studies the influence of the new protocols in the design of high-speed fault-tolerant networks. As a first step, we were interested in the specificities of routing in MPLS networks (MultiProtocol Label Switching). In the traditional approach of IP routing, each packet is independent and routing decisions are made at each intermediate node of the network. However, the bottleneck of traffic routing tables and the management of the quality of service are among the reasons that led to the emergence of protocols supporting mechanisms for commutation. This is the case of the MPLS protocol which provides that routing decisions are taken at the input nodes of the network. Thus, any part of the stream is associated with a path in the network. To limit the size of the commutation tables, it is necessary to limit the number of those paths. This strong constraint on the design of the flow considerably changes the complexity of routing problems. Our contribution focuses on the modeling of k-splittable flow problems by mixed integer linear programs adapted to an exact resolution. The nature of the problem led us to consider a broader use of the Branch and Price method with the unsplittable multicommodity flow problem. On the other hand, we were interested in the end-to-end delay constraint. This constraint is not studied much in the literature because it takes on very complex non-linear and integer characteristics. However, our models of k-splittable flow offer interesting possibilities to manage the end-to-end delay on the active paths. The problem of minimizing the maximum end-to-end delay is then solved by a combination of several methods.L'augmentation constante des débits de transmission de données a fait évoluer les réseaux IP vers de nouveaux services. Dans ce contexte, ces travaux de thèse étudient l'influence des nouveaux protocoles dans la conception de réseaux haut débit tolérants aux pannes. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés aux spécificités du routage dans les réseaux MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching). Pour limiter la taille des tables de commutation, il est nécessaire de limiter le nombre de routes. Cette contrainte forte sur le support des flux change considérablement la complexité des problèmes de routage. Notre contribution porte principalement sur la modélisation des problèmes de flots k-séparables par des programmes linéaires en nombres entiers adaptés à une résolution exacte. D'autre part nous nous sommes intéressés à la contrainte de délai de bout-en-bout. Nos modèles de flots k-séparables offrent des possibilités intéressantes pour gérer cette contraint