Evaluation of cannulated screw fixation configurations in femoral neck fractures by biomechanical studies: A systematic review

Aim: To investigate the cannulated screw fixation methods used in the treatment of femoral neck fractures with a systematic review. Methods: PubMed Central, Web of Science, OVID Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify relevant studies published until December 2021 with English language restriction. Studies were selected on the basis of the following inclusion criteria: biomechanical study of femoral neck fractures and the use of multiple screw fixation of the fracture. Results: A total of 10 studies were included in the systematic review. Five studies were conducted using cadavers and five studies using sawbones. Multiple cannulated screw fixation, fully threaded cannulated screw fixation, cannulated screw fixation perpendicular to the calcar, and fixation performed in a wider area have various advantages. During the mechanical tests, axial loading measuring device values, axial failure displacement, load to failure values, and axial loading values were measured for each operation. Conclusions: There are various surgical techniques and biomedical materials for the detection of femoral neck fractures. In addition, each cannulated screw treatment configuration has advantages and disadvantages. For this reason, the most appropriate treatment configuration should be selected, taking into account the experience of the surgeon and the fracture types