Monte Carlo simulation of electromagnetic interactions of radiation with liquid water in the framework of the Geant4-DNA project

A set of processes specialized for the simulation of particle interactions with water has been developed in the Geant4 Low Energy Electromagnetic package. The models cover the interactions of electrons, protons and light ions down to the electronVolt energy scale. They address a physics domain relevant to the simulation of radiation effects in biological systems, where water represents an important component. The software design, the physics models implemented and an overview of their tests are described